SECRETION OF OXYTOCIN: The secretion of oxytocin is one of the few positive feedback mechanisms within the body, and the external brake or shutoff of the feedback cycle is delivery of the baby and the placenta. It has been discovered that the placenta itself secretes oxytocin at the end of gestation and in an amount far higher than that from the posterior pituitary gland. Research is continuing to determine the exact mechanism and precise role of the placenta in labor.
When a baby is breast-fed, the sucking of the baby stimulates sensory impulses from the mother’s nipple to the hypothalamus. Nerve impulses from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary cause the release of oxytocin, which stimulates contraction of the smooth muscle cells around the mammary ducts. This release of milk is sometimes called the “milk let-down” reflex.
HUMAN LIFE AND THE ROLE OF PITUITARY GLAND: Both ADH and oxytocin are peptide hormones with similar structure, having nine amino acids each. And both have been found to influence aspects of behavior such as nurturing and trustfulness. Certain brain cells have receptors for vasopressin, and they seem to be involved in creating the bonds that sustain family life. Trust is part of many social encounters such as friendship, school, sports and games, and buying and selling, as well as family life. These two small hormones seem to have some influence on us mentally as well as physically.
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3. NORMAL LABOR AND VARGINAL DELIVERY
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