PRURITUS

INTRODUCTION: Pruritus also known as itching is one of the most common dermatologic complaints. Scratching the itchy area causes the inflamed cells and nerve endings to release histamine, which produces more pruritus and, in turn, a vicious itch–scratch cycle. Scratching can result in altered skin integrity with excoriation, redness, raised areas or what one may call wheals, infection, or changes in pigmentation. Although pruritus usually is due to primary skin disease, it may also reflect systemic internal disease, such as diabetes mellitus; renal, hepatic, thyroid, or blood disorders; or cancer. Pruritus may be caused by certain oral medications including but not limited to; aspirin, antibiotics, hormones and opioids. Among other causes we may have, contact with irritating agents such as soaps, chemicals, or prickly heat. It may also be a side effect of radiation therapy, a reaction to chemotherapy, or a symptom of infection. It may occur in elderly patients as a result of dry skin as well. It may also be caused by psychological factors such as emotional stress.

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS: Itching and scratching, often more severe at night. Excoriations, redness, raised areas on the skin, as a result of scratching. Infections or changes in pigmentation. Debilitating itching, in severe cases.

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT: The cause of pruritus needs to be identified and treated. The patient is advised to avoid washing with soap and hot water. Cold compresses, ice cubes, or cool agents that contain soothing menthol and camphor may be applied. Bath oils are prescribed, except for elderly patients or those with impaired balance, who should not add oil to the bath because of the danger of slipping. Topical corticosteroids are prescribed to decrease itching. Oral antihistamines such as diphenhydramine may be used.

RELATED;

1.  SEBORRHEIC DERMATITIS

2.  BURNS

3.  WOUND HEALING

REFERENCES