Pharmacologic Class: Direct-acting antispasmodic; calcium release blocker
ACTIONS AND USES: Dantrolene is often used for spasticity, especially for spasms of the head and neck. It directly relaxes muscle spasms by interfering with the release of calcium ions from storage areas inside skeletal muscle cells. It does not affect cardiac or smooth muscle. Dantrolene is especially useful for muscle spasms when they occur after spinal cord injury or stroke and in cases of cerebral palsy or multiple sclerosis. Stroke: Multiple sclerosis
Occasionally, it is useful for the treatment of muscle pain after heavy exercise. It is also used for the treatment of malignant hyperthermia.
ADMINISTRATION ALERTS: Use oral suspension within several days because it does not contain a preservative. IV solution has a high pH and therefore is extremely irritating to tissue. Pregnancy category C. Drugsin relation to pregnancy
ADVERSE EFFECTS: Adverse effects include muscle weakness, drowsiness, dry mouth, dizziness, nausea, diarrhea, tachycardia, erratic blood pressure, photosensitivity, and urinary retention.
Warning: This drug has the potential for hepatoxicity. Liver dysfunction may be evidenced by abnormal chemical blood enzyme levels. The risk of hepatic injury is increased in females over 35 years of age and after 3 months of therapy. Therapy should be discontinued after 45 days with no observable benefit.
Contraindications: Patients with impaired cardiac or pulmonary function or hepatic disease should not take this drug.
INTERACTIONS: Drug–Drug: Dantrolene interacts with many other drugs. For example, it should not be taken with over-the-counter (OTC) cough preparations and antihistamines, alcohol, or other CNS depressants. Verapamil and other calcium channel blockers that are taken with dantrolene increase the risk of ventricular fibrillation and cardiovascular collapse.
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