EFFICACY OF THE VACCINE: The protection conferred by BCG when it is administered correctly at birth acts mainly on the severe extrapulmonary forms in children. It is currently estimated at between 60-90%.
INDICATIONS: In countries with a high prevalence of TB, BCG vaccination should be administered to infants as soon as possible after birth and in any case before the age of one year.
AVAILABILITY OF VACCINE: The vaccine is available in dry, lyophilised powder that is sensitive to heat, so the vaccine should be kept in a cold chain and away from light. To avoid exposure to light the vaccine is delivered in coloured vials. The vial is accompanied by another vial containing a solvent that must be used cold, by refrigerating it for at least 24 hours before use. After reconstitution the mixture must be kept in the refrigerator and used within 3-4 hours.
DOSE: The dose of vaccine is 0.05 ml for newborns and children aged upto one year. It is 0.1 ml for children aged over one year.
REQUIREMENTS: 1 ml syringe and intradermal needle.
SITE OF ADMINISTRATION: Usually same site is recommended for use in the whole of the country so that it is easy to detect the vaccination scar. Usually it is the front of the left upper arm.
ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION: Vaccine is given intradermally. If by chance the needle goes beyond the dermis, the needle should be withdrawn and inserted at an adjacent spot. The injection should raise a wheal.
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