Introduction: Apoptosis scientifically means programmed cell death, affecting a single or small group of cells, as a result of signal transduction of specific genes. Apoptosis is an active process that needs energy and in that case it uses cellular respiratory process for the energy that drives it.
Regulation of the process: It is a tightly regulated type of cell death that is seen in some specific situations. Whereas it’s relative necrosis is always a pathological process, apoptosis serves many normal functions and is not necessarily associated with pathological cell injury, and the dying cells are scattered throughout the tissue.
Disposition of waste cellular material: Apoptosis is a process of self-destruction, in which the cells shrink as a result of the decrease of cytosol, intracellular organelles, and the nucleus is fragmented into small parts without loss of membrane, some organelles are lysed and repelled outside the cells, and the cell disintegrates into fragments referred to as apoptotic bodies.
Scope of the process: In the average adult between 50 and 70 billion cells, die each day by apoptosis. Inhibition of apoptosis can result in a number of cancers, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, whilst hyperactive apoptosis can lead to neurodegenerative diseases, marrow aplasia, and skin disease.
Mechanisms of Apoptosis: Signal transductions from a specific gene (apoptotic gene) is started as a result of withdrawal of specific growth factors. The second step is activation of internal enzyme like nuclease, protease, endonucleases, which lyses and repel out of some cellular organelle, the third step is reduction of cell size and loss of the biological activities of this cell forming multiple apoptotic bodies (dead bodies).
RELATED;
1. CANCER
3. PATHOLOGY
No comments:
Post a Comment